International Relations Glossary

Im currently studying Internatinal Relationship at  Ahuntsic College. It is now my last year, so i thought that doing a glossary about some importants words would be a great idea.

  1.    Geopolitics: 

Noun

 

it is the study of the effects of Earth's geography on politics and international relations.

 

Fr: Géopolitque

 

 

 

2.    Hegemony:

Noun

 

Leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others.

 

 

Fr: Hégémonie

 

 

 

3.    Soft Power:

Noun

 

the ability to achieve one's goals without force, especially by diplomacy or persuasion.

 

 

Fr : Puissance douce/manière douce

 

 

4.    Nationalism:  

Noun

 

1.    spirit or aspirations common to the whole of a nation:

 

Example: He describes how the intense and unconquerable nationalism of India’s hundreds of millions contributed to the decline of the British empire.

 

2.    devotion and loyalty to one's own country; patriotism:

 

Example: The promotion of a healthy nationalism is part of the responsibility of the leaders of a newly independent, diverse nation.

 

Fr : Nationalisme

 

 

 

5.    Multilateralism:

Noun

 

Trade or diplomatic negotiations among several nations.

 

Fr. Multilateralisme

 

 

 

6.    Bipolarity:

Adjective

 

When the World’s order is separate between two poles or major power.

 

Example: The world’s order during the cold war was separate between two major powers: USA & USSR

 

Fr: Bipolarité/Monde Bipolaire

 

 

7.    Unipolarity:

Adjective

 

When the World’s order is ruled by one major power.

 

Example: The world’s order after the cold war was ruled by one major power: The USA

 

Fr: Unipolarité/Monde Unipolaire

 

 

 

8.    Multipolarity:

Adjective

 

When the World’s order is separate between differents poles of major power.

 

Example: The world’s order is now separate between different major powers

 

Fr. Multipolarité/Monde Multipolaire

 

 

 

9.    Globalization:

Noun

 

1.    the act of globalizing, or extending to other or all parts of the world

 

Example: the globalization of manufacturing.

 

 

2.    worldwide integration and development

 

Example: Globablization has resulted in the loss of some individual cultural identities.

 

 

Fr: Mondialisation

 

 

 

10.                Humanitarian Intervention:

 

Noun

 

The use of military force by external actors to address severe human rights abuses within a sovereign state.

 

Fr: Intervention Humanitaire

 

 

11.                Economic Sanctions:

 

Noun

 

Coercive measures, often in the form of trade restrictions, imposed on a country to influence its behavior.

 

Example: After is Invasion of Ukraine, Russia had to face Economic Sanctions

 

Fr: Sanctions Économique

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.                Cold War:   

Noun

 

State of geopolitical tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

 

Fr: Guerre Froide

 

 

13.                Rogue State:     

Noun

 

Nation perceived as violating international norms and posing a threat to global stability, often due to its behavior.

 

Example: North Korea is a rogue state

 

Fr: État voyou

 

 

 

14.                Sphere of Influence:

 

Noun

 

An area or region where a particular country or power exerts significant economic, political, or military influence.

 

Example: Europe is in US sphere of Influence.

 

Fr: Sphère d’influence

 

 

 

15.                Bilateralism

 

Noun

 

Trade or diplomatic relations between two countries. 

 

Fr: Bilatéralisme

 

 

16.                Landlocked Country:

 

Noun

 

A sovereign state entirely enclosed by the territory of other countries, lacking coastlines, and direct access to the sea.

 

Example: Kazakhstan is a landlocked country.

 

Fr: Pays Enclavé

 

 

17.                Theocracy:

 

Noun

 

1.    a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.

 

 

2.    a system of government by priests claiming a divine commission.

 

Example: Saudi Arabia is a theocracy.

 

Fr: Théocratie

 

18.                Neutrality:

 

Noun

 

A policy of not taking sides in conflicts and refraining from alliances, allowing a state to maintain impartiality and avoid participation in wars.

 

Example: For a long time, Switzerland was a perfect example of neutrality

 

Fr: Neutralité

 

 

19.                Normalization:

 

Noun

 

The process of normalizing diplomatic relations between two states or entities, often after a period of conflict or strained relations.

 

Example: When Donald Trump met Kim Jon-Un he tried a process of normalization.

 

Fr: Normalisation

 

20.                Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):

 

Noun

 

A group of states choosing not to align with any major power bloc, often emphasizing independence in foreign policy.

 

Fr: Mouvement Non-Alligné